France has a rich cultural heritage, from literary masterpieces to artistic paintings and sculptures. It is also famous for its cuisine and wine. Many restaurants throughout the country offer a wide variety of culinary delights.
French culture also owes much to the intellectual movement known as the Enlightenment, or, more poetically, le siecle des Lumieres (the century of lights). French values include education and a strong emphasis on individual freedom of thought and expression. The French are also very fond of debating and discussing various topics, often in an academic and intellectual manner. This cultivation of the intellect can sometimes be perceived as arrogance by outsiders, but it also means that the French can be frank in conveying their opinions.
As a result of its long history of nation-building, France is today a country with diverse regions that have developed their own unique linguistic and cultural traditions. This diversity can be seen in regional accents, fashion and clothing, religious observance and family structure, cuisine, and leisure activities.
In the 20th century, France became one of the world’s most influential powers, leading the fight against fascism during World War Two and contributing to the development of international law. After the war, it became the first western country to introduce a universal welfare state, with free health care and schooling for all children.
Since the end of the Cold War, France has forged new alliances with eastern European countries and worked to promote its own image as an open and friendly global power. In addition, it is the most important exporter of cultural goods and services worldwide and operates the world’s largest international network of French-language schools.
The country’s capital is Paris, a thriving metropolis with a dazzling array of restaurants, cafés, and clubs. It is also home to a wealth of historic and modern architecture and boasts a sophisticated arts scene, including the Louvre and the Musée Rodin.
Outside of the major cities, much of France is a sun-drenched countryside with rolling vineyards and quaint villages. France is also a popular destination for outdoor recreation, such as cycling, hiking, and golfing. The beaches are well-protected by lifeguards, and a comprehensive national park system offers opportunities for boating, fishing, and camping.
Crime is relatively low in most areas of the country, although petty theft from shops and hotels, as well as car break-ins, are common. Violent crimes are rare, but the presence of organised crime groups can make some areas more dangerous. Travellers should always be vigilant and use the same precautions that they would in their own home country. It is particularly important to be careful in large cities and coastal resorts, and to stay in secure rented accommodation, especially at night and in remote or mountainous areas. Travellers should also be aware of the potential risks of water sports, especially on the crowded southern coast and in the mountains. In winter, snowfall can affect access to high-altitude hiking trails and roads, and travellers should be prepared for difficult driving conditions and the risk of avalanches.